The main component of the sun is hydrogen, comprising about 74% of its mass. The sun, a massive ball of hot plasma, primarily functions through nuclear fusion, wherein hydrogen atoms fuse to form helium, releasing immense amounts of energy in the process. This energy generates heat and light, providing the essential warmth and illumination for life on Earth. The sun's gravitational pull keeps the solar system intact, and its various layers, including the core, radiative zone, and convective zone, have distinct roles in its energy production and dynamics. Understanding the sun's composition is crucial to comprehending its influence on the solar system and climate.