The chemical formula of methane is CH₄. Methane is the simplest alkane, consisting of one carbon atom (C) bonded to four hydrogen atoms (H). It is a colorless and odorless gas at room temperature and pressure, primarily produced through the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter. Methane is a significant component of natural gas and is widely used as a fuel source for heating, electricity generation, and as an industrial feedstock. Due to its potency as a greenhouse gas, it is also a critical component of discussions surrounding climate change and environmental policy.