The basic structure of an atom consists of three primary subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons are positively charged particles located in the nucleus of the atom, which is at its center, while neutrons are neutral particles that also reside there. Electrons, on the other hand, are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus in various energy levels or shells. The number of protons determines the atomic number and identity of an element, while the electrons are responsible for chemical bonding and reactions. This structure forms the foundation of all matter in the universe, influencing its properties and behaviors.