Machu Picchu was built by the Inca civilization in the 15th century. Located in the Andes mountains of Peru, it served as an important cultural and religious site. The exact purpose of Machu Picchu remains a subject of debate among historians, but it is often regarded as a royal estate or ceremonial site, showcasing the Incas' architectural and engineering prowess. The significant use of terraced agriculture, sophisticated water management systems, and intricate stone constructions indicate advanced knowledge of agronomy and engineering. Rediscovered in the early 20th century by Hiram Bingham, Machu Picchu is now a UNESCO World Heritage site and a popular tourist destination.