The two main types of energy are kinetic energy and potential energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, which can be observed in moving objects, such as a car driving down the road or a flowing river. This energy increases with the speed of the object. On the other hand, potential energy is stored energy based on an object's position or state. For instance, a rock perched on a cliff has gravitational potential energy due to its height. Both kinetic and potential energy are fundamental concepts in physics and play significant roles in various natural processes and mechanical systems.