The ancient civilization that built the Machu Picchu complex is the Inca Empire. Flourishing from the early 15th century until the Spanish conquest in the 16th century, the Incas were known for their advanced engineering, agricultural practices, and extensive road systems. Machu Picchu, often referred to as the "Lost City of the Incas," was constructed around the mid-1400s and is renowned for its sophisticated dry-stone construction and terraced farming techniques. The site served various purposes, including being a royal estate and a religious retreat. Its majestic location and mystery continue to attract millions of tourists each year.