The ancient Maya were primarily located in modern-day Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and El Salvador. This region, known as Mesoamerica, was home to one of the most advanced civilizations in pre-Columbian America, known for its impressive achievements in architecture, mathematics, astronomy, and writing. The Maya developed a complex society with city-states, a unique calendar system, and intricate hieroglyphic writing. Their civilization thrived from around 2000 BC until the Spanish conquest in the 16th century, leaving behind remarkable ruins such as Tikal, Chichen Itza, and Copán, which attract tourists and researchers today.