The ancient festival celebrated by the Romans in honor of the god Saturn is called Saturnalia. This festival took place in December and was marked by feasting, gift-giving, and a temporary reversal of social roles. Slaves were often treated as equals, and the atmosphere was filled with merriment and revelry as people celebrated in honor of Saturn, the god of agriculture and renewal. Saturnalia laid the groundwork for many modern December festivities, influencing traditions that continue to be celebrated today.