The subjects included in the UPSC preliminary examination are categorized into two papers: Paper I, which covers General Studies and includes topics such as history, geography, polity, economy, and environment; and Paper II, also known as the CSAT (Civil Services Aptitude Test), which tests logical reasoning, comprehension, and quantitative ability. Correct answers in both papers contribute to the candidate’s score, as the preliminary exam serves as a qualifying round for the subsequent Mains examination. A solid grasp of these subjects is crucial for advancing in the UPSC selection process.