Essential sociological concepts for UPSC exam success include social stratification, institutionalization, and cultural dynamics. Understanding these concepts helps candidates analyze social issues and public policies critically. Familiarity with theories of social change and development allows candidates to relate sociological perspectives to current affairs and governance challenges. Additionally, knowledge of topics like urbanization and globalization can enhance answers in both general studies and essay papers. A solid grasp of sociological concepts equips aspirants to engage effectively with diverse socioeconomic contexts.