Effective study habits that contribute to long-term retention of UPSC-relevant material include the use of active learning techniques such as summarization and self-testing. Methods like spaced repetition can help reinforce information over time, aiding retention. Candidates must also engage in note-taking strategies that promote critical thinking and synthesis, such as concept mapping. Regularly revisiting and discussing materials can enhance understanding. Creating a conducive study environment, minimizing distractions, and maintaining a consistent routine further bolster effective study habits, ensuring that knowledge remains accessible for upcoming exams.