To enhance memory retention for UPSC topics, candidates can implement several effective strategies. Utilizing mnemonic devices simplifies complex information into memorable formats. Active recall techniques, such as self-testing, promote deeper learning by engaging the brain's retrieval processes. Creating mind maps and visual aids helps in organizing information visually, making recall easier. Spaced repetition is also crucial; revisiting topics over increasing intervals reinforces memory. Regularly summarizing and discussing learned content with others can further solidify understanding. Consistent revision schedules that allow breaks help maintain focus and effectively consolidate knowledge.