Employing effective strategies to analyze and summarize lengthy texts involves several steps. First, reading actively by highlighting or taking notes on key arguments enhances understanding. Next, creating an outline can help structure thoughts according to the text's main ideas. Summarizing paragraphs into concise points aids retention and comprehension. Utilizing visual aids like mind maps or charts can also facilitate grasping complex information. Finally, practicing summarization regularly improves skill and speed, which is essential for handling the extensive reading required for the UPSC syllabus.