Candidates should understand that the philosophy paper in the UPSC Mains requires them to engage with core concepts and schools of thought. It encourages critical analysis and requires aspirants to articulate philosophical arguments clearly. Familiarity with major philosophers, their works, and themes is essential, as questions often probe into ethical dilemmas or theoretical frameworks. Integrating real-life examples can strengthen arguments and demonstrate practical application. Regular practice through previous years' questions enhances understanding and prepares candidates for the level of analysis required in this subject.