For the Environment and Ecology section of the UPSC exam, candidates should focus on key areas such as biodiversity, climate change, and sustainable development. A thorough understanding of current environmental issues, policies, and international agreements, like the Paris Agreement, is crucial. Candidates should also concentrate on ecological concepts, major ecosystems in India, and the significance of conservation efforts. Studying case studies and recent developments in environmental law further enriches understanding. Moreover, aspirants should stay updated on government initiatives related to the environment and engage with relevant reports, enhancing preparedness for the exam's intricate questions.