Candidates focusing on contemporary Indian society for UPSC should prioritize issues like social justice, inequality, gender rights, and cultural diversity. Understanding current affairs, government policies, and their societal implications is crucial. They must also analyze past trends and pivotal events that shaped modern India to establish a solid foundation. Furthermore, awareness of urbanization, rural development, and sustainability challenges will enhance their perspective, aiding in both preliminary and mains examinations. Engaging with case studies can further refine their analytical skills in applying theoretical knowledge to real-world issues.