Study groups play a vital role in effective UPSC preparation by providing a collaborative learning environment. They facilitate the sharing of diverse perspectives, enhancing understanding of complex topics. Engaging in discussions promotes active learning and retention of information. Members in study groups can motivate one another, thus alleviating feelings of isolation during the intensive preparation phase. Additionally, they can conduct peer reviews of practice answers, helping each other to refine writing skills and arguments. Overall, study groups can create a sense of accountability, crucial for sustained preparation efforts.