The significance of the ethics paper in the UPSC Mains lies in assessing candidates' problem-solving skills, integrity, and moral reasoning. This paper emphasizes the importance of ethical leadership and decision-making in public administration. It helps in evaluating how aspirants would handle real-world dilemmas they may face as future civil servants. Moreover, it encourages a deep understanding of values and principles essential for maintaining public trust and ensuring governance is conducted with fairness and transparency.