The primary focus of the essay paper in the UPSC Mains examination is to assess a candidate’s ability to articulate thoughts clearly and coherently on various topics. It encourages critical thinking, creativity, and the capacity to argue various viewpoints. Candidates must demonstrate a strong command of language, present structured arguments, and engage the reader through relevant examples and analogies. The essay paper challenges candidates to frame their responses in a balanced and reflective manner, relevant to contemporary issues, and requires them to link personal insights with broader societal contexts and themes.