To master the UPSC syllabus, aspirants must focus on key aspects of Indian polity such as the Constitution, fundamental rights, and duties, functions of various government institutions, and current political developments. Understanding the electoral process, state policies, and federalism is also critical. Additionally, familiarity with historical movements, the role of civil services, and significant acts can provide a comprehensive foundation for the exam. Engaging with previous year question papers and standard reference books will deepen knowledge and retention.