The most frequently asked topics in the UPSC mains essay paper often revolve around current social issues, governance challenges, and ethical dilemmas. Themes like sustainable development, gender equality, and globalization frequently appear alongside discussions on education and technology's role in society. Additionally, candidates may encounter essays based on historical perspectives and lessons learned from past events. Preparing diverse viewpoints on these themes can help aspirants develop well-rounded, insightful essays, a crucial skill for success in this segment of the exam.