Effective essay writing for UPSC comprises several key components. First, a clear structure is essential, typically involving an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. The introduction should present a thesis statement that offers a specific perspective. Body paragraphs must contain relevant information backed by examples and case studies to substantiate arguments. Additionally, employing coherent transitions between paragraphs enhances flow. Finally, a concise conclusion that summarizes key points and offers insights is vital in leaving a lasting impression on examiners.