To improve retention of information during UPSC preparation, techniques such as spaced repetition, summarization, and mnemonic devices can be employed. Engaging with the material actively, through self-quizzing and teaching concepts to peers, reinforces understanding. Organizing notes in visual formats, like mind maps or flowcharts, aids memory retention. Establishing clear connections between topics enhances comprehension, making it easier to recall during examinations. Lastly, a balanced study routine with adequate breaks prevents burnout and optimizes cognitive function.