Important contemporary issues Indian citizens should be aware of for UPSC include economic disparities, environmental challenges, and social justice movements. Understanding the impact of globalization on local economies, as well as the effects of climate change and resource management, is crucial. Issues like women's empowerment, caste-based inequalities, and health care accessibility also demand attention. The rise of digital technology and its implications for governance and AI ethics represent significant topics. Moreover, candidates should be informed about regional conflicts and national security matters as they relate to India's geopolitical landscape, forming a comprehensive outlook for effective public service.