To maximize retention of complex subjects in UPSC preparation, aspirants should adjust their learning styles by incorporating active learning techniques. These can include summarizing information in one's own words, teaching concepts to peers, or using visual aids like charts and diagrams. Employing a mix of resources such as textbooks, online courses, and educational videos can also cater to different learning preferences. Additionally, spaced repetition and practice tests help consolidate knowledge and address weaker areas. Ultimately, a tailored approach—combining varied methods—supports deeper understanding and long-term retention.