The syllabus for the UPSC Civil Services Examination is structured into distinct stages, covering a vast array of subjects. The preliminary examination includes two papers focusing on general studies and aptitude. The mains examination comprises nine papers, including compulsory subjects like Indian Language, English, and Essay, alongside optional subjects chosen by candidates. This extensive syllabus ensures a comprehensive evaluation of candidates’ knowledge across various domains, necessary for effective functioning in civil services. Moreover, updates to the syllabus aim to reflect contemporary issues and relevant knowledge in various fields.