The UPSC evaluates the analytical abilities of candidates primarily through essay-type questions and case studies in the Mains exam. Candidates must demonstrate their thought process, critical thinking, and the capacity to engage with complex issues. The examination assesses how well individuals can analyze situations, draw connections between different subjects, and formulate coherent arguments. Additionally, the interview phase further evaluates these abilities through spontaneous discussions, assessing candidates' reasoning skills and adaptability to diverse topics.