Active learning differs significantly from passive learning in UPSC preparation. In active learning, aspirants engage with the material through methods such as discussions, quizzes, and practical applications, which promotes better retention and understanding. This interactive approach encourages critical thinking and allows for immediate feedback. In contrast, passive learning often involves rote memorization and lacks engagement, leading to superficial understanding of concepts. By incorporating techniques like teaching others or applying knowledge to case studies, candidates enhance their learning experience, making it more meaningful and relevant to the UPSC syllabus, ultimately improving performance in the examination.