Geographical factors influence the polity in the UPSC examination by shaping regional characteristics, political dynamics, and governance challenges across the country. Understanding demographics, resource distribution, and socio-economic conditions is essential for addressing questions related to federalism and state relationships. Geography also affects issues such as developmental policies, environmental concerns, and conflict resolution. Candidates must be adept at linking geographical insights with political theories to present comprehensive answers, reflecting an integrated grasp of Indian governance and societal challenges.