Self-assessment plays a crucial role in setting realistic goals for UPSC preparation by allowing candidates to identify their strengths and weaknesses. By continuously evaluating their performance on mock tests and practice papers, candidates can recognize areas needing improvement and focus their efforts accordingly. Setting specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goals facilitates structured progress tracking. Self-reflection on study habits and topic comprehension also aids in calibrating expectations and timelines, reducing undue stress. This ongoing evaluation supports adaptability in preparation strategies, optimizing learning outcomes leading to effective exam readiness.