Aspirants can effectively summarize books and materials for UPSC study by following a structured approach. First, they should identify key themes or concepts in the material and highlight important points as they read. Using mind maps or notes can help organize thoughts visually. Summarizing chapters in one or two pages reinforces learning and aids in retention. Additionally, creating timelines or bullet point lists can simplify complex topics. Regular revision of these summaries is critical, allowing for better recall during the exam and serving as a quick reference during last-minute preparations.