General knowledge and current affairs are tested in the UPSC exam through multiple-choice questions in the Preliminary Examination and elaborate essay-type questions in the Mains Examination. The Prelims focus on assessing awareness about national and international events, while the Mains examines candidates' ability to analyze these events critically within broader contexts. Questions can encompass diverse themes such as politics, economics, and social issues. Additionally, candidates are expected to integrate current affairs with static subjects, showcasing their comprehensive understanding and ability to apply knowledge to real-world scenarios, making them crucial assessment components.