Mikhail Gorbachev was the political leader known for introducing the policy of glasnost, which aimed at increasing transparency and openness within the Soviet Union. He also implemented perestroika, a series of reforms to restructure the economy. Gorbachev’s policies marked a significant shift in Soviet governance, leading to a reduction in Cold War tensions and paving the way for the eventual dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. His leadership reshaped not only Russia but also the global political landscape.