The famous sociologist known for her groundbreaking work in gender studies is Judith Butler. Butler challenged traditional notions of gender and identity through her influential writings, particularly in her book, Gender Trouble. Her theories introduced the concept of gender performativity, arguing that gender is not an inherent trait but a set of behaviors and roles that individuals enact. This work has significantly impacted feminist theory, LGBTQ+ studies, and the understanding of identity politics, promoting a more inclusive perspective on gender.