Arthur Conan Doyle is the writer known for creating the iconic character Sherlock Holmes, who became a defining figure in detective fiction. Doyle's fascination with forensic science, along with his background in medicine, inspired his stories, showcasing logical reasoning and deduction. Sherlock Holmes' adventures, first published in "A Study in Scarlet," captivated readers and have become cultural touchstones. Doyle's creation of this character not only transformed the genre but also established enduring elements of mystery literature.