The prominent writer known for penning "The Bell Jar" is Sylvia Plath. This semi-autobiographical novel, published in 1963, explores themes of mental illness, identity, and the societal expectations of women. Plath’s own struggles with depression and her tumultuous life are reflected in the protagonist, Esther Greenwood. The book remains a significant work in American literature, often celebrated for its poignant and powerful exploration of a woman’s mental state within a restrictive culture.