Immanuel Kant is the notable German philosopher known for his work on the critique of reason. His critical philosophy sought to reconcile empiricism and rationalism, establishing a framework for understanding human knowledge and morality. His seminal works, such as "Critique of Pure Reason," focused on the limits of human understanding and the importance of the categorical imperative in ethics. Kant's ideas profoundly influenced Western philosophy, shaping discussions on metaphysics, epistemology, and moral philosophy, continuing to resonate in contemporary debates.