The important figure known for their fight against colonialism and apartheid is Nelson Mandela. His leadership in the African National Congress (ANC) played a crucial role in challenging the systemic oppression of black South Africans. Mandela's lifelong commitment to combating racial injustice led to his imprisonment for 27 years, which galvanized international support for the anti-apartheid movement. Upon his release, he helped negotiate the end of apartheid and became South Africa's first black president. Mandela’s enduring legacy is a testament to resilience, forgiveness, and the power of peaceful activism.