The historical figure often called "the Father of Modern Physics" is Albert Einstein. Einstein revolutionized our understanding of physics with his theories of relativity, particularly the special theory of relativity and the more comprehensive general theory of relativity. His famous equation, E=mc², established the relationship between mass and energy, leading to groundbreaking insights in both theoretical and applied physics. Einstein’s work laid the groundwork for advancements in various fields, including quantum mechanics and cosmology. His contributions extend beyond science, as he also engaged in discussions on social issues, advocating for peace and civil rights.