The historical figure known for the phrase “I have a dream” during a famous speech is Martin Luther King Jr.. Delivered during the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, this iconic speech encapsulated the struggles for African American civil rights and called for equality and justice. King's eloquent vision of a racially integrated and harmonious America remains a powerful symbol of the civil rights movement. His advocacy emphasized nonviolent protest and inspired generations to work towards social justice, making him one of the most influential leaders in American history.