Maximilien Robespierre is the historical figure renowned for leading the French Revolution. As a key figure in the Committee of Public Safety, Robespierre played a pivotal role in the Reign of Terror, advocating for radical political and social change. He championed the principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity, promoting the idea of a Republic free from monarchical rule. His fervent belief in virtue and the need for a strong state ultimately led to his downfall, as his uncompromising actions instigated backlash, culminating in his execution in 1794.