The groundbreaking achievement of Marie Curie in the field of science was her discovery of the elements polonium and radium. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and remains the only person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields: Physics and Chemistry. Curie's research on radioactivity paved the way for advancements in medical treatment, atomic physics, and the understanding of atomic structure. Her work significantly contributed to modern science and women's participation in scientific fields.