Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr. were pivotal figures in the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Parks's courageous act of refusing to give up her bus seat in 1955 sparked the boycott, serving as a catalyst for the civil rights movement. Her arrest highlighted the deep-seated racial segregation in American society. King, as a newly appointed leader of the Montgomery Improvement Association, provided necessary organizational skills and vision, advocating for nonviolent protest strategies. Together, they mobilized the African American community, drawing national attention to the fight for civil rights, and the success of the boycott became a powerful symbol of resistance against racial injustice.