The scientist known for her work on radioactivity and the first woman to win a Nobel Prize is Marie Curie. Her pioneering research on radioactive elements, particularly polonium and radium, advanced the field of physics and chemistry. Curie's groundbreaking contributions reshaped the scientific understanding of radioactivity, leading to significant discoveries in medicine and energy. The Nobel Prizes she received in both disciplines underscore her exceptional achievements and persistent struggle against gender biases in science. Curie's legacy endures not only in her scientific accomplishments but also in her role as a trailblazer for women in the scientific community.