The prominent writer who famously critiqued colonialism in his works is Joseph Conrad. His novella "Heart of Darkness" explores the brutalities of European imperialism in Africa through the journey of Charles Marlow into the Congo. Conrad's writing delves into the moral complexities and inhumanity of colonialism, exposing the darkness within human nature as well as the impact of exploitation on both colonizers and the colonized. His work remains relevant in discussions about power, identity, and the legacy of colonial rule.