The prominent civil rights leader known for his philosophy of non-violence was Martin Luther King Jr.. He was instrumental in the American civil rights movement, advocating for racial equality through peaceful protests and activism. Influenced by Mahatma Gandhi's principles, King emphasized love, understanding, and the power of direct action without violence. His leadership in events such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the March on Washington helped galvanize support for civil rights legislation, making him a key figure in American history.