The life of Nelson Mandela presented key challenges for his activism, primarily the struggle against apartheid in South Africa. He faced incarceration for 27 years, during which he remained a symbol of resistance against racial oppression. Mandela's dedication to equality and justice was met with harsh governmental suppression, forcing him to navigate a complex political landscape. Upon his release, he continued to advocate for peace, reconciliation, and a democratic South Africa. His challenges highlighted the broader struggle for human rights and social justice worldwide.