The historical figure most known for their efforts in the fight against apartheid is Nelson Mandela. His activism, leadership in the African National Congress, and imprisonment for 27 years were pivotal in raising global awareness about racial injustice in South Africa. Mandela's vision for a multi-racial democracy and reconciliation was instrumental in dismantling the oppressive regime. Upon his release in 1990, he became a key negotiator in the transition to democracy and was elected as South Africa's first black president in 1994, showcasing his dedication to equality and human rights.