The famous novelist known for exploring themes of existentialism is Franz Kafka. His works, characterized by absurdity and surrealism, depict the struggle of individuals against an incomprehensible and often oppressive reality. Novels like The Metamorphosis and The Trial illustrate existential crises, highlighting themes of alienation and the search for meaning. Kafka’s unique narrative style invites readers to question societal norms and their own existence, making him a significant figure in the existentialist literary movement.