The famous female scientist who discovered polonium and radium is Marie Curie. She conducted pioneering research in the field of radioactivity and became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, eventually receiving two in different scientific fields: Physics and Chemistry. Curie's work not only advanced the understanding of radioactive elements but also played a crucial role in the development of medical treatments for cancer. Her groundbreaking contributions laid the foundation for future scientific research and paved the way for women in science.